Paper Writer

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Paper Writer

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Writing An Essay

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Rush Essay

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Hire Essay Writer Online

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Write My Essay For Me Services

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Essay Freelance Writers

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Essay Freelance Writers

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USMLE Step I Exam Introduction

1) Mindset: Reader, Over the years that I’ve tutored for Cambridge Coaching, I’ve lovedworking with SAT, MCAT, and GRE students. Each test has differentchallenges and subtleties and tailoring each student’s preparation formaximizing success is always an interesting challenge. I’ve taken eachof these tests, and use my experiences in helping students learn. But,for all of these tests, it’s been some time since I’ve actually takenthem. The most important standardized test for medical students is the USMLEStep I exam. As a medical student (and a tutor) who just completedStep I, I wanted to write down my thoughts and experiences about thetest and share them in a coherent way that could help medical studentswho I wouldn’t have the chance to interact with directly. So, I’ll beposting a series of posts on this blog that talk different things thatI found helpful during my preparation. 1) Mindset: In this article, I’ll talk about some attitudes that youcan adopt for the Step I exam that can help during your preparation bykeeping you sane and keeping the test in perspective. 2) Materials: Every medical student has heard of pathoma, Uworld, andFirst Aid. But, I found that several other tools were even morecrucial in helping me become a good test taker.Briefly: Every successful test preparation involves four sets ofmaterials: 1. Good basic knowledge (Pathoma, Sketchymicro, etc). 2:Question banks (Uworld, practice tests, etc. 3: Tools forSelf-evaluation (an error log). 4: Tools for retention (Anki). In this post, I’ll talk through what gave the best and most efficientpreparation. I’ll also provide examples of some of the â€Å"homemade†tools I used. 3) Anki: Spaced repetition is a lifesaver. Use it to study for Step I,then realize you can use it to learn anything that relies on aremembered vocabulary (Art, computer science, Birdwatching, People’snames, foreign languages, etc). 4) Study Habits: A huge source of anxiety for my classmates came fromthe need to plan out a schedule and study habits. In this post, I’llbe talking about study strategies I used during second-year overall,and during my intensive (dedicated) study period that helped memaximize my time. 5) Test-Taking Strategies and Test-Day performance: This blog postwill serve as a smorgasbord of helpful information that doesn’t fitwell into the other posts. In this blog post, I’ll be talking aboutways that you can stay fresh during the test. I’ll also cover somestrategies that I use that and guess well that will help you extendyour knowledge into getting questions right that you didn’t deserveto. I hope that I can be as responsive as possible to anyone who isinterested. If you have questions or comments about the materialcovered, or you’re interested in talking through anything on the Stepexam, contact me atinfo@cambridgecoaching.com,subject line "Step Question for Mac." You're also encouraged to leave comments in the section provided below. Be sure to subscribe to the blog so you don't miss the next chapter! Mac started teaching while he was a student at Middlebury, taught volunteer swim lessons and tutored friends in a variety of subjects. Since he began at Cambridge Coaching, Mac has tutored students in the SAT, the GRE, and the MCAT. He particularly enjoys working with students to achieve the highest score they can on the MCAT. Mac has a wide range of experience with different academic subjects, including the sciences, history, and political science and looks forward to using memorable analogies to make difficult topics accessible. Are you interested in working with Mac? He is available for tutoring in person in Boston, and anywhere around the world online. ; Craving more tips on the medical admissions process? Be sure to check out the following blog posts below: 4 AMCAS Essay Question Types and How To Plan Your Answers 5 Essential Tips for Managing Your Time as a Pre-Medical Student The #1 Pitfall for Pre-Medical Extracurriculars

The Natural History Of Social Problems - 773 Words

In America, there exists issues that affect the society at large, such as unemployment, abortion, racism, gun control, and even terrorism. These social problems are viewed by a part of society as social conditions or pattern of behaviors that are harmful to members of society and in need of a solution. Many people in America lack the sociological imagination, as the media play a big role in shaping their perspectives on certain matters whereby the media uses narrow casting to only show one perspective. It is therefore important to note that through the sociological perspective, one is able to view how broader social forces influence one’s life. Throughout history, it has been noted that social problems are inevitable. This means that, as the society changes so do social problems and vice versa. In studying the natural history of social problems, it is important to note that social problems pass through: pressures for change, crafting an official response, reacting to the offic ial response and pursuit of alternative strategies which are overlapping stages. In the history of America, there have been various social issues that have come about into existence. Some of the issues have been supported by radical movements while some of the social problems have failed in their potential due to lack of support. In the cycle of a social problem, the initial step – pressures for change, is brought about by the realization of the problem itself. Most people are made aware of socialShow MoreRelatedScience Throughout the Ages912 Words   |  4 Pagesterms. A turning point in before the modern era was the rise of natural philosophy in the Greek world. Before modern times science was known for a type of knowledge rather than the study and pursuit of knowledge. Philosophy is described as the communication between people through each type of knowledge or in other words the â€Å"natural way†. This was the knowledge of the working of natural things which was studied long before recorded history. Early philosophical studies showed a success ful attempt by SocratesRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Major Challenge That Humans Face Today1199 Words   |  5 PagesIssues such as dependence of natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root causes of overpopulation. Though opponents of this theory, such as Erle C. Ellis uses archeological records, and the history of human evolution to argue against overpopulation. Robert Walker, on the other hand, disagrees. He uses scientific explanation to anticipate that all living beings on earth will are under torment as they die off due to: erosion of natural resources, mainly food, andRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Society1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When we look at our history, power has always been determined by those who are able to take it through physical strength. However, technology has changed that idea. It is those that have knowledge of technology that are now able to gain power. There has been a lot of debate about what technology is really doing to our society, but with power there is always responsibility. Technology is not to blame, but the ethics of those with power. Power and Control History and the evolution of humanRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Foremost Challenge That Humans Face Today1431 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as dependence on natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root issues caused by overpopulation. 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Diversity Worksheet - 1946 Words

Appendix I Aging and Disability Worksheet University of Phoenix ETH/125 Rob Fralick February 23, 2014 Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Health 2 Income 3 Lonliness Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discrimination against older adults. (Schaefer, 2012) It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination. This may be casual or systematic. The term was coined in 1969 by†¦show more content†¦The information in this section of the AoA website brings together a wide variety of statistical information about this growing population. (Aging, 2013) What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? The two types of legislation that may or may not affect the aging population in the United States are; The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 respectively. Population aging may affect financial markets if individuals tend to amass assets during their working years and spend them during retirement. When there is a large cohort such as the baby boom, there may be more demand than usual for corporate stock and other assets while the cohort saves for retirement. This demand for corporate stock and other assets may abate after the cohort retires. (tonihansberry, 2012) How does poverty affect the aging population? Aging Americans, like other age groups, are feeling the effects of the declining real estate and stock markets, as well as soaring fuel and food prices. Seniors’ economic security will only increase in importance as the U.S. population ages. 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Business Report Based on Monet for Financial- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Report Based on Monet for Financial Services. Answer: Introduction This business report is based on a group of 5 holiday resorts in Australia which have decided to merge and form one business operation for the purpose of delivering better services to their customers and increase on their profits. The new business name resulting from the amalgamation of the resorts is Monet due to the merging, the business has increased on the varieties of services provided, for example, they provide a wider range of living quarters providing Backpacker, bed and breakfast, homes to luxuries suites in and around the country (Nocke Yeaple, 2007, p.365). The business will provide different services on booking websites such as booking.com, travel.com.ac among others to enable customers book directly. The booking will be managed via a single website. To promote customer satisfaction, a mobile application will be developed to help the customers manage their own account. The business intends to vary prices on the changes in demand, seasonal factors and environment among ot hers (DeYoung, et al., 2009, p.100) Assumptions made Various assumptions were made in relation to the new business emerged. Among others include; It is also expected that the emerging of the businesses will increase in the business effectiveness and efficiency. It is clear that big firms enjoy economies of scale as a result of reduced costs of operation, for example managerial economies of scale, research economies of scale among others. It is assumed that there will be an effective technological development as a result of the single website which has been introduced (Shaver, 2006, p.970). Through merging, it is assumed that the level of risks and uncertainties faced by the business will considerably reduce. Among others, some of the uncertainties that the business expects to overcome include losses due to high competition from other big firms that, managerial risks will also be curbed through the use the website. There is also an assumption of ensuring the maintenance of the standards that were initially set up and to ensure effective usage of the project resources (Martynova Renneboog, 2008, p.2148) It is also assumed that there will be an improvement in in the monitoring and tracking of the activities to be carried on. In other words, there will be a vibrant quality assurance team. The monitoring in this case is the process of tracking expected risks that are likely to rise during the business execution. It is important to take note of uncertainties that may cause business failures, this helps in preparing and setting strategies that are necessary for curbing the risks and uncertainties. It involves overseeing all the tasks and operations of the business to ensure achievements of the goals and objectives of the business since a single website is used, monitoring is expected to advance (Hauswald Marquez, 2006, p.970) Decisions proposed The top management of Monet has finalized the following decisions to affect the business via the website; Monet loyalty scheme which will play the role of reward customers with airport transfers, free tours, and free meals. This will aiming at building and maintaining a strong customer relationship. The team will foresee the needs of the customers, marketing aspect and how effective the business can be when it comes to its customers and this technology will automatically lead to improvement of customers service and will attract more customers (Cao, Zhang, 2011, p.170). To determine the strategic value, the company opt to develop Interactive tools in order to allow customers to choose, which particular tour they would like to undertake and aims at improving the degree of customer satisfaction that leads to strengthening of ties. Consequently the relationship between the business and the customers will be improved (Evans, Lindsay, 2013). The interactive platform will help the customers make their specifications needs, referring to what type of product and service they would want to be offered, when and where, basing on the fact that the business expects an increase in the number of customers. It also aims at developing the capacity of the business to interact with its customers. The analysis of this data may result in the establishment of a one-to-one approach encompassing a customized offer of products and services, adapted to the specific needs and expectations of each customer (Jiang, Qureshi, 2006, p.50). They have decided to develop an integrated ERP in order to enable management of the operation through a single Information Technology system. This will enable overseeing and managing of all the tasks that are involved in an operation with an intention of maintaining a certain standard of serving or achieving a specific set goals and objectives (Farrell Shapiro, 2010) A new Web 4.0 level ultra-intelligent electronic portal is to be created in order to enable customers self-manage their accounts with the company and to customize their shopping/booking experience. This is very vital in terms of technological change that is geared towards efficiency of the business. It will keep the relationship of the customers and the business making their booking faster and effective (Devos, Kadapakkam Krishnamurthy, 2008, p.1180). Critique to the management decision The subsequent management decisions are likely to affect the network of relationships established, especially with strategic business partners and the customers by creating effective communication which is quick, faster and easy (Dehning, Richardson, Zmud, 2007, p810). However the technology is not 100% secure. Technically, the business website can be constrained by the unfriendly or poor user interface that may limit the client-staff interaction. If effective and latest technology is not applied, information regarding the presence of the business may be limited for example, If Adds and pop ups in websites are not enabled and this will also reduce the business information about its presence (Angwin, Vaara, 2005). The decisions will improve on the role played by marketing department especially in line with customer relationship. They will integrate marketing, sales and services functions through the interaction of the business process, technological solutions and information resources, in order to maximize user friendliness with the customers. There will be facilitation of the relationships between companies, customers, service suppliers and workers (Shim Okamuro, 2011, p.193). As a way of improving the business efficiency and effectiveness, it is vital for the emerging to take place. There are expected decrease in the operational cost as the costs of rent is expected to reduce, the transportation costs will as well reduce if the businesses are emerged together. This is because the workers will no longer incur extra expenses in paying for the other services, Moreover; the company is even still cable of retaining and improving its sales basing on the fact that it will employ online technology of a single website. This type of operations favors big firms, implying that its a good strategy in expanding the business operations. Through the amalgamation, The management decision will help the business to reduce the human resource costs. These are the costs that result from recruitments, training and redundancy. It will all be looked upon and possible solutions of reducing such costs will be implemented. This will reduce on the business expenditure and the extra liquid capital will be ploughed back into the business. The company will attain an advantage of improving the Information Technology department which is expected to reduce the number of workers needed in operation accompanied by improved efficiency. However, this factor will also lead to unemployment of some workers. The decisions will help the business to highlight a need in the improvement of financial and human resources to help in the implementation of the technological innovation and improving the motivation of the workers respectively Through the above decisions, the business is expected to get more clients and also maintain its earlier customers and this will ensure continuity of the business and the costs will reduce if tasks are assigned to the respective personnel. However, the business may lose some customers who are not used to online bookings and those who cannot access the website due to the ignorance about the change in the website name. To a certain extent, the merging of the resorts may negative affect the business operations, for example, the bureaucratic process involved in decision making may hinder effective adjustments to new changes, its also most likely that the expansion of the business as a result of merging may attract government intervention in form of high taxes which will in turn increase the costs and expenses. The difference between information system and information technology The two terms are sometimes considered the same, used interchangeably, however, information technology is a subset of information system. Information system is a general term for the systems, people and all processes designed to create, store, process and distribute information. Whereas information technology falls under information system and particularly deals with the technology involved in the system. It is a study, design, support or management of computer based information system. It includes Hardware such as hard disks, monitors, keyboards and all the other tangible components of the computer, software such as Microsoft windows, among other intangible components. It also includes database and networks (Paulin, Ferguson Bergeron, 2006, p.915). Information technology and information system are playing both negative and positive role, for example creating a variety of job opportunities and long term professional advancement. On the other hand, information technology is increasingly creating unemployment, internet scams, and hacking among other. Impact of information technology and information system Over the past few years there has been a strong technological evolution in the field of information and communication with a significant impact on management. Companies are investing huge amounts in relationship technologies, leading to new forms of interaction. Therefore information technology has got a great impact on customers choice, continued patronage, brand loyalty business employees among others. Basing on the fact the company will be developing a mobile application, information technology is expected to act as a primary tool for getting in touch with customers (Shapiro, 2010, p.50). Clients will be making orders concerning bookings, expected services, making inquiries and making reviews of the services rendered. This therefore is expected to improve on customer satisfaction hence improving on customer loyalty. A well designed websites with external ads and popups are likely to attract more customers. If the company uses affiliate marketing, more customers will be informed and following the websites link. In this way, a bigger and wider range of customers will be attracted to into the website leading to increased sales (Shapiro, 2010, p.850). Business strategy to attract customers from the competitors In order to manipulate the market in and to maintain its reputation in the industry Monet management has put out the following measures to attract more customers Strong Information Technology department to ensure a more user friendly interface of the company website and hence more customers will be expected. Customer support can also be improved as a result of this department. The information technology of the business is also worked on to improve on its efficiency (Zhang, 2010). This is because the effectiveness of the business basically relies on the department. Basing on the fact that the company operates mainly online, it is very vital to ensure effective Information Technology department and Monet management is to ensure this (Altunba?, Marqus, 2008, p.210). Improving on the quality of services delivered to the clients by enhancing customer support. This is intended to improve on customers satisfaction as well as the workers, more especially the consultants of the business. As part of the business decision, it will ensure timely execution of the activities as it is to be scheduled. Adjustment will be made accordingly to the proposed schedules to ensure effective achievement of all the operations and each of the activity will be communicated and published via the website. Innovation is yet another strategy that will help the company to favorably compete in the industry. It has maintained a remarkable position in leading innovation and invention of new technologies for example that technic of working on a single website which is a new technology in place Other business opportunities Through the merging of the 5 resorts, the business has a high completive advantage over the other existing firms in the industry. This implies that the firm/ business has an advantage of creating a monopolistic environment by creating entry restriction. This can be through offering high quality services at a subsidized price, adapting extensive advertising, and pricing technique. The business also has a higher potential in maximizing revenue, given the fact that operational costs will be reduced as a result of merging. The company has an upper hand in carrying out research to improve on the quality of services offered. It is typically true that big firms enjoy research economies of scale. It is therefore typically relevant for the firms to maintain and carry on the decision of merging into one company as a positive result is expect (Chemmanur, Krishnan Nandy, 2011, p.4050) References DeYoung, R., Evanoff, D. D., Molyneux, P. (2009). Mergers and acquisitions of financial institutions: a review of the post-2000 literature.Journal of Financial services research,36(2-3), 87-110. Nocke, V., Yeaple, S. (2007). Cross-border mergers and acquisitions vs. greenfield foreign direct investment: The role of firm heterogeneity.Journal of International Economics,72(2), 336-365. Shaver, J. M. (2006). A paradox of synergy: Contagion and capacity effects in mergers and acquisitions.Academy of Management Review,31(4), 962-976. Martynova, M., Renneboog, L. (2008). A century of corporate takeovers: What have we learned and where do we stand?.Journal of Banking Finance,32(10), 2148-2177. Hauswald, R., Marquez, R. (2006). Competition and strategic information acquisition in credit markets.The Review of Financial Studies,19(3), 967-1000. Cao, M., Zhang, Q. (2011). Supply chain collaboration: Impact on collaborative advantage and firm performance.Journal of operations management,29(3), 163-180. Evans, J. R., Lindsay, W. M. (2013).Managing for quality and performance excellence. Cengage Learning. Jiang, B., Qureshi, A. (2006). Research on outsourcing results: current literature and future opportunities.Management decision,44(1), 44-55. Farrell, J., Shapiro, C. (2010). Antitrust evaluation of horizontal mergers: An economic alternative to market definition.The BE Journal of Theoretical Economics,10(1) . Devos, E., Kadapakkam, P. R., Krishnamurthy, S. (2008). How do mergers create value? A comparison of taxes, market power, and efficiency improvements as explanations for synergies.The Review of Financial Studies,22(3), 1179-1211. Dehning, B., Richardson, V. J., Zmud, R. W. (2007). The financial performance effects of IT-based supply chain management systems in manufacturing firms.Journal of Operations Management,25(4), 806-824. Chemmanur, T. J., Krishnan, K., Nandy, D. K. (2011). How does venture capital financing improve efficiency in private firms? A look beneath the surface.The Review of Financial Studies,24(12), 4037-4090. Altunba?, Y., Marqus, D. (2008). Mergers and acquisitions and bank performance in Europe: The role of strategic similarities.Journal of Economics and Business,60(3), 204-222. Shapiro, C. (2010). The 2010 horizontal merger guidelines: From hedgehog to fox in forty years.Antitrust Law Journal,77(1), 49-107. Peters, C. (2006). Evaluating the performance of merger simulation: Evidence from the US airline industry.The Journal of law and economics,49(2), 627-649. Zhang, J. (2010).Amalgamation, Expansion, Quality Assurance and Innovations: A Case Study on a Key University in China. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway, PO Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., Bergeron, J. (2006). Service climate and organizational commitment: The importance of customer linkages.Journal of Business Research,59(8), 906-915. Shim, J., Okamuro, H. (2011). Does ownership matter in mergers? A comparative study of the causes and consequences of mergers by family and non-family firms.Journal of Banking Finance,35(1), 193-203. Angwin, D., Vaara, E. (2005). Introduction to the special issue.'Connectivity'in merging organizations: Beyond traditional cultural perspectives.Organization Studies,26(10), 1445-1453.

The Effects Of Acid Rain Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of Acid Rain Essay Acid RainINTRODUCTION: Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fishand plants to die in our waters. As well it causes harm to our own race aswell, because we eat these fish, drink this water and eat these plants. Itis a problem that we must all face together and try to get rid of. Howeveracid rain on its own is not the biggest problem. It cause many otherproblems such as aluminum poisoning. Acid Rain is deadly. WHAT IS ACID RAIN?Acid rain is all the rain, snow, mist etc that falls from the sky ontoour planet that contains an unnatural acidic. It is not to be confused withuncontaminated rain that falls, for that rain is naturally slightly acidic. It is caused by todays industry. When products are manufactured manychemicals are used to create it. However because of the difficulty and costof properly disposing of these products they are often emitted into theatmosphere with little or no treatment. We will write a custom essay on The Effects Of Acid Rain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The term was first considered to be important about 20 years ago whenscientists in Sweden and Norway first believed that acidic rain may becausing great ecological damage to the planet. The problem was that by thetime that the scientist found the problem it was already very large. Detecting an acid lake is often quite difficult. A lake does not becomeacid over night. It happens over a period of many years, some timesdecades. The changes are usually to gradual for them to be noticed early. At the beginning of the 20th century most rivers/lakes like the riverTovdal in Norway had not yet begun to die. However by 1926 local inspectorswere noticing that many of the lakes were beginning to show signs of death. Fish were found dead along the banks of many rivers. As the winters icebegan to melt off more and more hundreds upon hundreds more dead fish(trout in particular) were being found. It was at this time that scientistbegan to search for the reason. As the scientists continued to work theyfound many piles of dead fish, up to 5000 in one pile, further up theriver. Divers were sent in to examine the bottom of the rivers. What theyfound were many more dead fish. Many live and dead specimens were takenback to labs across Norway. When the live specimens were examined they werefound to have very little sodium in their blood. This is typical a typicalsymptom of acid poisoning. The acid had entered the gills of the fish andpoisoned them so that they were unable to extract salt from the water tomaintain their bodies sodium levels. Many scientist said that this acid poising was due to the fact that itwas just after the winter and that all the snow and ice was running downinto the streams and lakes. They believed that the snow had been exposed tomany natural phenomena that gave the snow its high acid content. Otherscientists were not sure that this theory was correct because at the timethat the snow was added to the lakes and streams the Ph levels would changefrom around 5.2 to 4.6. They believed that such a high jump could not beattributed to natural causes. They believed that it was due to airpollution. They were right. Since the beginning of the Industrialrevolution in England pollution had been affecting all the trees,soil andrivers in Europe and North America. .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .postImageUrl , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:hover , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:visited , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:active { border:0!important; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:active , .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87 .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90ae0e7cd7776695ab6faebf67504e87:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Guilt And Then There Were None EssayHowever until recently the loses of fish was contained to the southernparts of Europe. Because of the constant onslaught of acid rain lakes andrivers began to lose their ability to counter act their affects. Much ofthe alkaline elements; such as calcium and limestone; in the soil had beenwashed away. It is these lakes that we must be worried about for they willsoon become extinct. A fact that may please fishermen is that in lakes/rivers they tend tocatch older and larger fish. This may please them in the short run howeverthey will soon have to change lakes for the fish supply will die quickly inthese lakes. The problem is that acid causes difficulties the fishsreproductive system. Often fish born in acid lakes do not survive for theyare born with birth defects such as twisted and deformed spinal columns. This is a sign that they are unable to extract enough calcium from thewater The Effects Of Acid Rain Essay Example For Students The Effects Of Acid Rain Essay Acid RainINTRODUCTION: Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fishand plants to die in our waters. As well it causes harm to our own race aswell, because we eat these fish, drink this water and eat these plants. Itis a problem that we must all face together and try to get rid of. Howeveracid rain on its own is not the biggest problem. It cause many otherproblems such as aluminum poisoning. Acid Rain is deadly. WHAT IS ACID RAIN?Acid rain is all the rain, snow, mist etc that falls from the sky ontoour planet that contains an unnatural acidic. It is not to be confused withuncontaminated rain that falls, for that rain is naturally slightly acidic. It is caused by todays industry. When products are manufactured manychemicals are used to create it. However because of the difficulty and costof properly disposing of these products they are often emitted into theatmosphere with little or no treatment. We will write a custom essay on The Effects Of Acid Rain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The term was first considered to be important about 20 years ago whenscientists in Sweden and Norway first believed that acidic rain may becausing great ecological damage to the planet. The problem was that by thetime that the scientist found the problem it was already very large. Detecting an acid lake is often quite difficult. A lake does not becomeacid over night. It happens over a period of many years, some timesdecades. The changes are usually to gradual for them to be noticed early. At the beginning of the 20th century most rivers/lakes like the riverTovdal in Norway had not yet begun to die. However by 1926 local inspectorswere noticing that many of the lakes were beginning to show signs of death. Fish were found dead along the banks of many rivers. As the winters icebegan to melt off more and more hundreds upon hundreds more dead fish(trout in particular) were being found. It was at this time that scientistbegan to search for the reason. As the scientists continued to work theyfound many piles of dead fish, up to 5000 in one pile, further up theriver. Divers were sent in to examine the bottom of the rivers. What theyfound were many more dead fish. Many live and dead specimens were takenback to labs across Norway. When the live specimens were examined they werefound to have very little sodium in their blood. This is typical a typicalsymptom of acid poisoning. The acid had entered the gills of the fish andpoisoned them so that they were unable to extract salt from the water tomaintain their bodies sodium levels. Many scientist said that this acid poising was due to the fact that itwas just after the winter and that all the snow and ice was running downinto the streams and lakes. They believed that the snow had been exposed tomany natural phenomena that gave the snow its high acid content. Otherscientists were not sure that this theory was correct because at the timethat the snow was added to the lakes and streams the Ph levels would changefrom around 5.2 to 4.6. They believed that such a high jump could not beattributed to natural causes. They believed that it was due to airpollution. They were right. Since the beginning of the Industrialrevolution in England pollution had been affecting all the trees,soil andrivers in Europe and North America. .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .postImageUrl , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:hover , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:visited , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:active { border:0!important; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:active , .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0 .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ef581781317a78498d355fe8d1137e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner EssayHowever until recently the loses of fish was contained to the southernparts of Europe. Because of the constant onslaught of acid rain lakes andrivers began to lose their ability to counter act their affects. Much ofthe alkaline elements; such as calcium and limestone; in the soil had beenwashed away. It is these lakes that we must be worried about for they willsoon become extinct. A fact that may please fishermen is that in lakes/rivers they tend tocatch older and larger fish. This may please them in the short run howeverthey will soon have to change lakes for the fish supply will die quickly inthese lakes. The problem is that acid causes difficulties the fishsreproductive system. Often fish born in acid lakes do not survive for theyare born with birth defects such as twisted and deformed spinal columns. This is a sign that they are unable to extract enough calcium from thewater

Body Piercing Essays - Fashion, Body Modification

Tattooing/Body Piercing Essays - Fashion, Body Modification Tattooing/Body Piercing There are various aspects through which people, especially youth, identify themselves. People are always sending some sort of communication out at all times, whether it is subconscious or not. Images and styles are adopted which communicate meanings about the individual to his/her peers and to society. Styles of dress, language, music, and dance are some of the ways that portray one's own unique symbols, values, and meanings. One other such signifier of identity is through body modification, particularly tattooing and body piercing. In today's society people have adopted the new style or trend of body modification. There are many reasons in which people obtain piercings and tattoos. Those who modify, manipulate and mutilate their bodies do so for many reasons. Some say it's simply exciting and pleasurable, or part of the latest fad. Others place it in the context of art, ritual or self-expression-they say it's an act with cultural and social significance. In contrast, many people can 't understand why someone would choose to put so many holes in their body or cut their skin. They see body modification as self-destructive, much like anorexia or bulimia. Below I will talk about why, what, where, and how people modify their body and how people look upon them. Youth and adolescence is one of, if not the most, significant and influential moments in one's life, when youth are seeking their identity of who they are. Tattooing and piercing are one of the many ways through which youth may express their identity, for they are symbolic representations of how the self is conceived or understood. People may also want themselves to be portrayed as someone who they are not. For example, someone gets a tattoo or earrings just to look tough or cool. Getting a piercing or tattoo symbolises a certain change in ones life. These changes, no matter how minuscule they may seem, have a huge impact on a person's identity. Usually when a youth gets a tattoo or earring, they are symbolising their maturity by finally being able to make a decision on their own and taking matters into their own hands. Body modification is clearly a means by which youth seek to displace authority and etiquette. Most youth don't think about the lasting affect it has on there later life when they begin to modify their body. Yes, piercings you can take out but tattoos will always be there, especially in the business world, tattoos are nothing to be desired and that you could possibly risk a job because of it. Body piercing is believed to be a self-imposed rite of passage. By this I mean that people, in general, feel an instinctive drive to undergo some sort of a rite of passage. If society denies them this, they may create one for themselves in order to feel as though they have a place in society. Almost everyone has been tempted to get a tattoo or piercing, but did you ever ask your self why you wanted one? This theory tries to explain that it is natural and instinctive and possibly even necessary in order to find your place in society. Along with this idea, there is a concept that deals with the issue of pain. Because culture in Western society only allows for pain in instances of accidents and pregnancy, people find other ways of experiencing such pain. This pain cannot help but change one's outlook on life in some way. Everyone will experience some sort of pain in his or her life, whether it is physical or emotional. After any such experience, you are bound to look at life in a differ ent, and possibly better way. Tattooing and piercing can also be blamed on the idea of hopping on the bandwagon. The media plays the number one role in the influence of this. Look at our role models: Dennis Rodman, successful basketball play; most of the music industry, professional skateboarders and snowboarders. All of these people have some sort of body modification. What does a kid think when their favorite basketball player or music group are pierced and tattooed from head to foot? He wants to be just like them and all the talk from their elders about not being

Enterprise & Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enterprise & Social Responsibility - Essay Example Tobacco is an example of a trade goods, like that of foodstuffs in economic terms whereby, price is set according to crop yields which normally depends on local weather conditions. There are several considerations for tobacco business and it include the value of species grown for tobacco production, the overall quantity on the market, the health of the plants, the area or locale where plant was grown, the product quality and many other. These factors are dealt properly by tobacco manufacturers like the Altria Group of companies. The parent company (Altria Group Inc., 2009) of the famous Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Smokeless Tobacco Company, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates and Philip Morris Capital Corporation is the Altria Group. Among the companies of Altria, Philip Morris USA is known as the largest tobacco company in US, with exactly half of the total U.S. cigarette market. Moreover, the leading producer as well as marketer of smokeless, moist tobacco is the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company while John Middleton is still the leading manufacturing business of large machine-made cigars. It is Althrias pride that Ste. Michelle Wine Estates belong to the top 10 premium wine producers in the United States. Altria Groups tobacco companies is proud to have created successful and popular brand names like Marlboro, Skoal, Copenhagen, and Black & Mild. The expansion of Altria Groups tobacco companies tobacco products is driven by constant innovation. The Altria Group operating companies believe that in their business, listening to and conversing with people regarding the issues and concerns surrounding their products as well as their businesses is essential. Thus, the employees meet with growers, suppliers, retailers, and adult consumers on a regularly basis. They ensure that there is interaction with investors, elected officials, community

Mars Exploration Missions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mars Exploration Missions - Research Paper Example Mars Path Finder: The mission was launched in 1996, a month after the Mars global surveyor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mars Exploration Rovers: This is a robotic space mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Manned Mission to Mars: Scientists have planned to land and settle the Mars planet in near future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Future Programs: In 2010, NASA announced to award 50 million US$ to different companies for manufacturing low cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Conclusion: US is continuously committed to explore the universe. Numerous missions have been sent till now to different planets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mars Exploration Missions Introduction Till 20th century, Human being could only think of exploring the planets of the solar system. Urge to find life on the nearby planets convinced people to touch the soil of other planets. Mars exploration missions were started in 20th century. Since then different exploration mission has been sent to analyse the soil of the planet and ultimately to find life. US has always shown interest in exploring space due to which, it has started many Mars exploration programs in order to find signs of life on the planet. ... Mars pathfinder and rover missions were also launched to get more data about the structure of the Mars. NASA has also planned manned mission to Mars in near future. First manned Mars mission is also planned to be launched by 2030. US Mars exploration programs and future programs shall be discussed in chronological order in paragraphs to follow. Exploration Missions Mariner Program NASA launched Mariner program for carrying out investigation of Mars. Ten vehicles were launched as part of the mission out of which seven were successful and three got lost. All mariner spacecrafts were loaded with electronics, cameras, power source and propulsion systems. Rockets were mostly used as a delivery mean to send the spacecrafts in the space.TV cameras were used to send pictures of the Mars structure (Lyle, 2002). Viking Program This program comprises of Viking1 and Viking 2. Each space vehicle comprised of two main parts, the orbiter and the lander (Platoff, 2001). Orbiter was used to take phot ographs of the Mars from the orbit. Lander was designed to land on the surface of the Mars to gather information about surface of the Mars. Viking program brought revolution in Mars missions as it indicated presence of water on Mars surface and in atmosphere as well (Lyle, 2002). Mars Global Surveyor NASA launched this program in 1996 as part of the US space missions. This was the first program launched after the pause of almost ten years. The mission accomplished its basic tasks in 2001 (Lyle, 2002). Very high-resolution cameras were used to get pictures of the Mars surface. Until, November 2006, the cameras sent more than 240000 pictures of the surface of the Mars (Baucom, 2006). Despite all the efforts and initial success,

Illustrate the case for reading the poem as (in part) a study in becoming Roman Essay Example for Free

Illustrate the case for reading the poem as (in part) a study in becoming Roman Essay To both modern and ancient readers alike perhaps one theme of the Aeneid has generally been perceived most strongly, that of the poems glorification and aetiological justification of the values and society of the Imperial Rome in which its poet, Vergil, lived. In contrast to the Hesiodic concept of the decline of society from a bygone Golden Age, Vergil implicitly argues in the Aeneid for the constant evolution of society as having produced in Rome the very pinnacle of civilisation. However, this does not mean that his view is universally rose-tinted: Vergil, also, manages to portray the pathos of those who give their lives for this end (e.g. the self-sacrifices of Dido in book IV and Nisus and Euryalus in book IX [at whose plight Vergil says siquid mea carmina possunt, nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo1]). Like Augustus, Vergil tends to relate the present to mos maiorum, so that innovation is given the guise of conservatism (as Rome was, after all, a generally conservative society). In this essay, I shall discuss the ways in which the poem expresses the development of such a Roman identity. From the outset the poem explains that Aeneas struggles (with which we are first met) are not in vain: his descendants are, famously, to obtain imperium sine fine, in the words of Jupiter (1.277). By book XII, that goal is within clear sight. The fact that the all-powerful father of the gods programmatically and teleologically tells of such future greatness so early in the poem gives the reader no option but to focus subsequently on how Aeneas achieves this fated goal. Vergil tends not to involve the gods as directly in the narrative of human affairs as does Homer, but uses them to great effect symbolically and to give such weighty pronouncements. Another programmatic feature of the first book involves its emphasis on kingship: to give just two examples, at line 265 we are told, by Jupiter, that Aeneas will reign over Latium and he is soon after described as king of the fugitive Trojans by Ilioneus (544). Dido is [termed] regina eleven times in book I.2 This may not be particularly surprising considering that kingship was the traditional form of government in epic poetry and the heroic world, but such emphasis could be said not only to foresee the supreme power of Augustus (though he did not, due to the negative connotations, style himself as rex or dictator) but also to legitimise it. Augustus may be seen as a benevolent dictator in the mould of Hellenistic kings. To become truly Roman it follows that Aeneas must, equally, become less Trojan, and we can see this process occurring in the poem. Due to the high esteem of Homers epics (and the relative paucity of other accounts), the Trojan world is, for both Vergil and ourselves, a predominantly Homeric one; accordingly, some critics have seen in the poem of a gradual rejection of Homeric values. For example, the Aeneas that we see in book II can be said to be rash, implusive, brave [and] seeking when all is lost the glorious death3: all perfectly Achillean attributes, which, one could argue, slowly recede as the poem progresses. In the second half of the poem (i.e. the Iliadic half), Turnus is a clear foil to Aeneas (n.b. his bellicose words to Pandarus at the end of book IX: You will soon be able to tell Priam that here too you found an Achilles!). The Roman way of life involves, arguably, a reliance on debate and compromise more than the manliness and aggression of Homeric heroes. However, this analysis cannot be treated too simplistically as there are points, even towards the poems dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nouement, where Aeneas is just as ruthless and cold as ever: for example, at many points during book X he rejects pleas for mercy and jeers at those who are on the point of death. Anchises prophetic statement in the underworld of book VI has, also, been seen by critics as important in showing both us and Aeneas how to become Roman, whilst also sanctioning the power of the Roman state: Your task, Roman, and do not forget it, will be to govern the peoples of the world in your empire. These will be your arts and to impose a settled pattern upon peace, to pardon the defeated and war down the proud. (6.851-3) It is important to note the context, for Aeneas is now starting to act very much like the good king, by acting in accordance with the gods when he leads his men to the Sibyl; whilst in the underworld, Aeneas sees a number of his descendants and successors, many of whom are rulers, and by doing so his right to rule is implicitly confirmed. The speech of Anchises, however, sets Rome within a firm tradition: it was well accepted by many Romans that Greek culture was superior in many respects. If we look at the lines above in which Anchises mentions the Greek arts of sculpture, oratory and astronomy, he can surely be said to define Rome against Greece by tacitly accepting their superiority in these realms, but he implies that the arts of Rome, the arts of peace and war, are what really matter. Though this may seem like an exceptionally aggressive mission, the extent to which clemency (a famous virtue of Augustus) and ultimate peace are emphasised must be noted. In the light of these ideals, Aeneas Achillean anger towards Turnus seems in this light disturbing.4 Perhaps the ideals are too idealistic to reflect reality truly. However, whether they were actually achieved or not, the ideals seem to have been held dearly in historical Rome, if we read what Claudian wrote (albeit with some degree of bias) four centuries after the time of Augustus: This is the only nation which has received conquered people in her embrace, and protected the human race under a common name like a mother not a tyrant, has called those whom she defeated her citizens, and has united the distant parts of the world in a bond of affection for her.5 One has to consider, however, that Roman bravado is often tempered in the poem. The many Trojan deaths throughout the poem are often glorified to emphasize the individual sacrifice for the communal goal. For example, Vergils apostrophe to Lausus: harsh deaths misfortune and your noble deeds I shall not indeed leave unsung, nor you, O unforgettable youth. 6 Such apostrophes seem to be based upon formulae deriving from Homeric invocations of the Muse, however, which might imply that the sentiment is not so personal as it seems.7 Dido, too, is seen as merely another obstacle which needs to be overcome for Rome to flourish (though she is repeatedly described, perhaps in Vergils own voice, as pitiable). Indeed, in one startling way she could be said to resemble a disgraced Homeric warrior: she falls on her own sword. Aeneas escape from her thus further represents his retreat from Homeric values. To look at one final such death, the final two lines of the poem focus on the death of Turnus: The limbs of Turnus were disolved in cold and his life left him with a groan, fleeing in anger down to the shades. (12.951-2) The coldness of Turnus body may recall in our minds the first storm scene in which we meet Aeneas at sea, and may reiterate the degree to which Aeneas has reversed his despair (turning it into the despair of his main adversary). These lines thus emphasize both the pathos of the death and the certainty of Aeneas victory. It recalls, and is based upon, Homer, i.e. the deaths of both Hector and Patroclus (Iliad 16.857 22.363).8 The sadness of his death is thereby emphasised, since he is equated with such heroes on either side of the Trojan war. His death was a natural end to the poem (though perhaps an unnatural end for him). It may now be useful to look closely at a part of the poem that is, undoubtedly, looking forward to Rome perhaps more explicitly than any other: the ecphrasis towards the end of book VIII (626-728) focusing on the shield of Aeneas wrought for him by Vulcan as a foresight of the coming Roman glory. However, the crucial intertext on which this scene was modelled is that of the ecphrasis on Achilles shield at Iliad 18.478ff, so Vergil is still using a Homeric model to emphasise Romes greatness; Greek epic has such gravitas as a genre that, if Rome is to be such a towering civilisation, Roman epic needs to look back to its Greek antecedent. Indeed, in Homer Achilles has a desperate need for new armour (with the loss of his own after the killing of Patroclus), whereas it seems that Vergil includes this scene merely to show before the full-scale fighting begins, what is to be achieved by it. 9 The final, and (both literally and symbolically) central, scene of the shield shows Augustus celebrations after the battle of Actium (31 BC) in which he gained imperium from M. Antonius. Indeed, the shield itself is reminiscent of the shield that was hung in the Curia to commemorate Augustus virtues in 27 BC; such virtues (i.e. virtus, clementia, iustitia and pietas) surely apply equally to the Roman imperator and Aeneas (especially pietas, since Aeneas pietas was proverbial and pius is a common epithet applied to him throughout the poem). The two men are poetically conflated, thereby giving heroic prestige to the emperor. Most pertinent, however, is that the scene shows numerous and various peoples of the earth (e.g. Nomads, Scythian Gelonians, Gaulish Morini etc.) offering Augustus gifts: the implication is clearly that virtually everyone throughout the world is universally thankful for the arrival of pax Romana. The message is not quite so clear-cut and confident, however, since the theme of war is also almost always present in this vignette. Quite obviously, the theme of war is apt both for the Shield as a martial instrument and for the circumstances of its delivery,10 however, it moreover emphasizes the extent to which Roman peace relies upon the willingness to fight, however counter-intuitive that might seem. Virgil is certainly patriotic, but he nevertheless neither shies from or tries to obscure the realities of the early-Imperial political situation. In conclusion, the Aeneid can clearly be seen as a study in becoming Roman. Aeneas divine mission is reiterated throughout the poem with increasing intensity, especially throughout religious symbolism and prophecy: Aeneas is well aware that he must become Roman. The poem appears to move towards Roman values as it progresses, values such as pietas and clementia, in the face of Homeric impulses and aggression. However, such an analysis needs to be tempered: most notably because of such incidents as Aeneas rage against and murder of Turnus when he sees him wearing Pallas sword belt. Moreover, the poem continuously looks forward to a Rome to come, especially the Augustan Rome of Vergils era. Some have seen the poem as a mere propaganda piece, but it is clear that Vergils implicit praise for the Augustan rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gime is sophisticated and not blind to the woes of war and those who are killed to make way for the Roman superpower: to use the phrase of the Aeneid, sunt lacrimae rerum. Through imitation (and innovation), Vergil also looks back to Homer. Perhaps the best summary of the message of the Aeneid is given by the ancient commentator Servius: Virgils intention is to imitate Homer and to praise Augustus by means of his ancestors.11 Vergil may, ultimately, have succeeded in his aim, when we consider that the poem was considered a seminal text in Roman civilisation and acquaintance with the poem was a primary method of teaching ancient children not only Latin but also the Roman way of life. Bibliography Cairns, F. (1989). Virgils Augustan Epic. Cambridge. Hardie, P.R. (1986). Virgils Aeneid: Cosmos and Imperium. Oxford. Lyne, R.O.A.M. (1987). Further Voices in Vergils Aeneid. Oxford. Williams, R.D. (1985). The Aeneid of Virgil: A Commentary. London. Williams, R.D. (1990). The Purpose of the Aeneid in Oxford Readings in Vergils Aeneid (ed. S.J. Harrison), Oxford. 1 Aeneid 9.446-7. 2 Cairns (1989), 2. 3 Williams (1990), 28. 4 Lyne (1987), 112. 5 Cairns (1989), 205. (De Consolatu Stilichonis, 3.150-3.) 6 Aeneid 10.791-3. 7 Lyne (1987), 235. 8 Lyne (1987), 135-6. 9 Williams (1985), 90. 10 Hardie (1986), 347. 11 Williams (1990), 21.